How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt

Rock salt or halite is a mineral the contains sodium chloride (table salt) as well as other minerals and impurities. You can remove most of these contaminants using two simple purification techniques: filtration and evaporation. Materials Rock saltWaterSpatulaFilter paperFunnelEvaporating dishBeaker  or graduated cylinderTripodBunsen burner Filtration If the rock salt is one large chunk, grind it into a powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.Add 30-50 milliliters of water to six heaping spatula scoops of rock salt.Stir to dissolve the salt.Place the filter paper in the mouth of the funnel.Place the evaporating dish under the funnel to collect the liquid.Slowly pour the rock salt solution into the funnel. Make sure you dont over-fill the funnel. You dont want the liquid to flow around the top of the filter paper because then it isnt getting filtered.Save the liquid (filtrate) that comes through the filter. Many of the mineral contaminants did not dissolve in the water and were left behind on the filter paper. Evaporation Place the evaporating dish containing the filtrate on the tripod.Position the Bunsen burner under the tripod.Slowly and carefully heat the evaporating dish. Be careful! If you apply too much heat, you might break the dish.Gently heat the filtrate until all the water is gone. Its okay if the salt crystals hiss and move a little.Turn off the burner and collect your salt. Although some impurities will remain in the materials, many of them will have been removed simply by using the difference in solubility in water, mechanical filtration, and by applying heat to drive off volatile compounds. Crystallization If you want to further purify the salt, you can dissolve your product in hot water and crystallize the sodium chloride from it.

Effects of Poverty on Intellectual Development - 3035 Words

The Effects of Childhood Poverty on Intellectual Development It is widely known that poverty has many negative effects on the development of children who grow up in impoverished homes. One of the most influential outcomes of a person’s life is their intellectual development, which takes place primarily within the first years of life. Not only can childhood poverty result in less enjoyable childhoods, but adversely affects the cognitive and behavioral development; yet more specifically, children’s intellectual development (Duncan 406). In fact, the economic conditions that a child is subjected to during early and middle childhood is very crucial for forming ability, achievement, and intellectual development (Duncan 408). Poverty has†¦show more content†¦Living in a neighborhood made up of a majority of poor families creates the unsafe and non-cognitively stimulating environment for a child to develop in. Because cognitive stimulation is a direct proponent of intellectual development, childhood poverty proves to affec t brain development through the home environment. Mother’s Involvement with Child The next mediating mechanism of childhood poverty affecting intellectual development is the mother’s involvement with her child. How a child is raised and parented is crucial to the human development at a young age, and is one of the main intervening factors between poor families and the ultimate outcome of the child. More completed models of childhood development in poverty include â€Å"mediators such as the amount and quality of time spent by parents with their children,† along with the other aspects of home-learning environments (Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, and Klebanov 309). Parents who live in poverty daily and for longer amounts of time often face lack of food, poor housing, unsafe neighborhoods, unemployment, discrimination, and poor health (Guo and Harris 433). When facing these hardships, impoverished parents suffer from more psychological issues than non-poor parents, which can lead to harsh discipline and low levels of supp ort for the child. When a parent is not supportive or does not challenge a child to preform at a higherShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Poverty On Childhood Development924 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween poverty, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and childhood development. While poverty can be directly linked to negative developments in terms of health status it is also indirectly linked to other important factors such as; mental health, physiological wellbeing and education, all of which have major impacts on childhood development which can also be transferred into adulthood. 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Adoption and Success of ABC Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Adoption and Success of ABC . Answer: Introduction Activity Based Costing (ABC) refers to a particular method of costing that helps the business organizations in the identification of all the costing activities in the companies so that they can assign indirect costs to the manufactured products (ker zyapici, 2013). In the recent years, it can be seen that companies all over the world have started to adopt the method of ABC for their business organizations. However, some specific factors are there in the companies that influence the adoption of ABC. It is important for the companies to consider those factors as the success of ABC largely depends on them. Discussion In the recent years, it can be seen that ABC has become most popular in most of the countries all over the world. As per Abdallah Li, (2008), the main reason is that it is easy for the organizational managers to implement the process of ABC in order to find the costs of the company. Thus, it can be seen that companies prefer the implementation of ABC over the method of traditional costing. In the business organizations, ABC works in two stages. In the first stage, managers use to allocate the overhead costs into different cost pools based on their activity based on cost classification. In the second stage, the managers use a series of cost drivers in order to allocate the overall costs in the product lines (ker Ad?gzel, 2016). In this context, it needs to be mentioned that the traditional costing method is fully based on payroll of the employees and thus, it create obstacles for the mangers in measuring the performance of the employees. This is one of the reasons that lead to the a doption of ABC in most of the business organizations all over the world. In spite of the growing popularity of ABC all over the world, management of some of the major corporations are facing difficulties while using ABC. Thus, it can be understood that certain factors in the organizations lead to the success or failure of ABC (Abdallah Li, 2008). The major success factors for ABC in the companies are the assistance of top level management; effective integration between ABC and various organizational strategies like Just-In-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM) and others; establishment relation between ABC and the process of performance evaluation of employees; adequate training and development activities for using ABC; availability of organizational resources for the implementation and running of ABC and others (Abdallah Li, 2008). At the same time, certain factors lead to the failure of ABC in the companies. They are lack of transparent purpose of the business; lack of commitment from the top level management reading the implementation of ABC; delegation of authority in ABC; the resistance from employee as well as the management to bring change in costing method; poor design of ABC model and others. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that due to the above mentioned factors, the implementation of ABC failed in t he Bank of China (Abdallah Li, 2008). Organizations all over the world use different approaches to measure the success of the implementation of ABC in the companies. However, most of the companies use two major approaches or methods to measure the success of ABC (Allah Rahmouni Charaf, 2012). As per the first approach, organizational managers use single or multiple items to measure the success of ABC. In this approach, the use of single item has been criticized as it has failed to measure the overall success of ABC in the companies. For this reason, organizational managers have started using multiples items or variables for measuring the success of ABC. In this context, the assistance of ABC in decision making can be used as there are many instances where the organizational managers have used information extracted from ABC for making effective organizational decisions (Allah Rahmouni Charaf, 2012). As per the second approach, the success of ABC is measured based on the measurement of success in each step of the project . In this particular approach, the progress of each activity is measured for the completion of the second stage. As a result of this approach, the organizational managers can actually ensure the success of the whole project based on each step of the project. Thus, it can be seen that companies uses these two approaches for measuring the success of ABC. However, it needs to be mentioned that there are many other approaches to measure ABC success (ker zyapici, 2013). Every business organizations all over the world have to follow certain steps at the time of implementing the system of ABC in their companies. It is important for the companies to implement ABC in the effective and efficient basis as the success of mostly depends on the success of the each level implementation of ABC. It can be seen that there are a total of six stages in the implementation of ABC in the companies (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). The first stage is Initiation. In this particular stage, the analysis of feasibility of the adoption of ABC in the companies is done. This particular process ensures that the ABC implementation is done as per the nature and business operations of the companies. The second important stage is Adoption (Drury, 2013). This is a crucial stage in ABC implementation. In this stage, the amount of resources required for the implementation of ABC is determined. The third stage in ABC implementation is Adaptation. In this stage, the analysis of ABC is don e based on some of the key factors like the activities of the firm, various cost drivers and others. In this stage, the information of ABC is available, but they are not used for decision-making and other purposes (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). The fourth stage is Acceptance. In this stage, ABC is considered as a model or project that the top level management uses for decision-making. The next important stage is Routinisation. This is considered as a normal part of the management information system that the upper level management use in order to make effective business decisions. The last stage in ABC implementation is Infusion or Integration. This is the last stage of ABC implementation where the system is integrated with the organizational financial system. These are the six major stages of ABC implementation. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that Australia is one of the countries where the vast use of ABC can be seen (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). In United Kingdom, there are some major motives that work as the prime reasons behind the adoption of ABC in the companies. Majorly, companies switch to ABC as the current costing system fails to deliver the required important information to the companies for various purposes. It can also be seen that the companies move to ABC as it is required for them to update their current costing system (Al-Omiri Drury, 2007). Sometimes, due to the unreliability of the existing costing system forces the companies to implement ABC. The use of traditional costing system sometimes fails to align with the changing manufacturing environment of the companies. However, ABC can be well aligned with the changing manufacturing environments of the companies. ABC is consisted as one of the most sophisticated costing system and this is one of the reasons companies are opting for the implementation of ABC. A major aspect is the cost regarding the running of the costing systems. Companies have to bear high co sts in case of traditional costing system. However, the adoption of ABC costs the companies less while running the system. High level of synchronization can be seen between the accounting system of the companies and ABC (Al-Omiri Drury, 2007). Thus, it can be seen that all the above mentioned reasons lead the companies for the adoption of ABC for their manufacturing operations. There are certain behavioural and organizational factors in the business organizations that are associated with the success application of ABC (DraÃ… ¾i? Dragija, 2012). In most of the business organizations, organizational people ABC as the most appropriate tool for the calculation of product cost at various level of production. However, it has been seen that most of the companies failed to apply the various techniques of ABC for their costing purposes. This is because of some organizational as well as behavioural factors in the companies. Employees of most of the companies are reluctant to accept the changes in their companies and thus, they cannot happily welcome the introduction of ABC as their new costing system. In addition, sometimes companies get little support from upper level management for the application of ABC as their prime costing system (Senthil Bte, 2010). These are the major behavioural and organizational factor that leads to ineffective application of ABC. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that most of the companies all over the world are adopting ABC as their costing system. This is because ABC helps the companies in taking effective business decisions and the system is easy to implement. The above study also shows that companies use two major approaches to measure the success of ABC. It can also been seen that the companies follow six major steps at the time to implement the system of ABC in their companies. References Abdallah, A. A. N., Li, W. (2008). Why Did ABC Fail: at the Bank of China?.Management Accounting Quarterly,9(3). Allah Rahmouni, A. F., Charaf, K. (2012). Success of ABC Projects in French Companies: The Influence of Organizational and Technical Factors.Cost Management,26(6), 12. Al-Omiri, M., Drury, C. (2007). Organizational and behavioral factors influencing the adoption and success of ABC in the UK.Cost Management,21(6), 38. Byrne, S., Stower, E., Torry, P. (2009). Is ABC adoption a success in Australia?.Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research,7(1), 37. DraÃ… ¾i? Lutilsky, I., Dragija, M. (2012). Activity based costing as a means to full costingpossibilities and constraints for European universities.Management: Journal of contemporary management issues,17(1), 33-57. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. ker, F., Ad?gzel, H. (2016). Time?driven activity?based costing: An implementation in a manufacturing company.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(3), 39-56. ker, F., zyapici, H. (2013). A new costing model in hospital management: time-driven activity-based costing system.The health care manager,32(1), 23-36. ker, F., zyapici, H. (2013). A new costing model in hospital management: time-driven activity-based costing system.The health care manager,32(1), 23-36. Senthil Velmurugan, M., Bte Wan Nahar, W. N. A. (2010). Factors determining the success or failure of ABC implementation.Cost Management,24(5), 35.

Napster Essays (927 words) - File Sharing Networks,

Napster The problems faced by Napster and how it affects us. INTRODUCTION Shawn Fanning let his closely cropped coiffure grow a bit shaggy, so his friends started calling him nappy. That evolved into a new nickname, Napster, which became the Internet handle he used in chat rooms. After sharing tips on guitar playing, Fanning told two cyberpals about a revolutionary software program he was working on. Encouraged by his new friends, he wrote the program and the idea attracted a sizable cash donation from a family friend. So he quit college, moved from Harwich, Mass., to Silicon Valley, and started a company together with his two buddies. That was sevral months ago. Today, 19-year-old Fanning and his company, Napster, have become the Internet's latest one-hit wonder. Hundreds of thousands of college students and music fans have downloaded the firm's free software, which allows users to swap MP3 songs, the Net's most popular digital music format. Napster, whose latest software will be released this week, has seen its user base grow by as much as 25 percent a day. Says Napster CEO Eileen Richardson, We see ourselves as the MTV of the Internet, But Napster has made some powerful enemies in its brief existence. Musicians and record companies accuse it of creating an online den of thieves. Last December, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), representing 18 record labels, sued Napster for copyright violations, seeking to shut it down and collect more than $100 million in damages. Rapper Sean Puffy Combs says Napster abuses his artists. And in the past two months, at least 50 universities have blocked students from accessing Napster, saying it strains campus computer systems. All the outrage is a result of Napster's unique design, which fosters music sharing but also hogs bandwidth. The company doesn't own or sell any music. Its software merely acts as a digital matchmaker, allowing people to trade MP3 songs. Napster peeks into a user's hard drive and publishes a list of all the songs it finds there onto a central database. To locate a tune, a user enters the name of an artist or a song to see if anyone else on the network has it. If so, they can download it at the push of a button. In this way, Napster has created the Net's largest music library. Now all of us have downloaded music of the internet and most of us have also used Napster but as we all know Indiana University is one of the fifty odd universities that have banned Napster on campus servers. This is a situation that affects us directly as universitys like Duke,Stanford and M.I.T have refused The R.I.A.A. requests to ban Napster. Thus according to me we should all be better informed of this situation to know why we are being deprived of such a cutting edge program. The Napster case is very important not only because people won't be able to download free music if it's ruled illegal, but because the case will serve as a major guide for the future. It is a foreshadowing of the future. As technology becomes more and more advanced, we will constantly be faced with similar questions. The RIAA announced in December they would sue napster. Explain reasons. 1.Napster is considered pirating software. It can allow anyone access to copyrighted files. 2. Although all users will not abuse the system and make pirated cds some will. Therefore opposers of napster wish for a complete shutdown of the site. 3. Some who oppose merely wish for napster to exist in a way that will not allow pirating. C. Napster's is banned on the Indiana campus after a request from the RIAA and Heavy Metal band Metalica. I.U. claims that napster is using up too much of its bandwidth. 1. Indiana University bans napster controversially even though many students are against it. I.U. students say that the ban affects their freedom of music and exposure to the Internet revolution. 2. Give out information from napster website and also list the reactions of other major universities for and against the ban. 3. Napster may have been banned but there are still other identical programs, which are benefiting from this ban (e.g. Scour exchange). D. Discuss how

Whats a Good SAT Score for an Honors Student

What's a Good SAT Score for an Honors Student SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips e It can be hard to tell the difference between a goodSAT score and a bad one, especially for high-achieving students. To help you see how you stack up against your peers,we've done a thorough statistical analysis to determine what counts as a good SAT score for an honors student. In this guide, I'll give you a sense of what a high score looks like for a top student and help you understand what that means for you. But before we get into the data,let's define our terms. What Is an Honors Student? Honors students are high achievers. Whether we think of them as student enrolled in honors classes, students on the honor roll, or students earning a certain class rank, the basic premise remains the same: they strive towards loftier academic standards than most of their colleagues do. Since this is certainly true when it comes to grades in school, it ought, by rights, to extend to standardized testing. What qualifies, then, as a "good" SAT score for any given student is determined largely by the performance of that student's scholastic peers. What Is a Good SAT Score? When you think about it, there's really no universal cut-off between a "great" score and a "not-so-great" score- not one that every single student will agree on.What trulymakes a score a good one is its ability to get you where you want to gothat is, its ability to make you attractive to the schools you'd like to attend. Honors students are generally gearing towards more competitive schools. Thus, they're going to need more exceptional scores to earn their way in! I'm not sure what the statistics in this picture mean, but they sure do look official! Good SATScores for Honors Students We at PrepScholar ran some statistical analyses to answer the delicate question of what a good score really looks like for an honors student. We used what's called a Monte-Carlo method, which is a lot more accurate than just lining up percentiles and comparing those. You see, just because you're in the top tenth of students at your school, that doesn't necessarily put you in the top tenth of standardized test takers. Why not, you may ask? Well, high schools select honors students based on different criteria than the SAT. Based on our analysis, we've compiled high, average, and low scores for both honors and high honors students. Honors Students We're defining these as the top third of high school students. It's possible that some of these students are not recognized as honors students at their schools, and it's possible that some students recognized as honors students at their schools are not among this third. Let's look at the range of scores for this group: A low score(25th percentile) is 1117 An average score (median) is 1207 Ahigh score (75th percentile) is 1285 Now, statistically, for the best of the best... High Honors Students We're defining these as the top tenth of high school students. These students are the ones most likely to be in high honors programs, though the same disclaimer applies here as it did before. Let's look at the range of scores for this group: A low score(25th percentile) is 1885(or 1257on the New SAT) An average score (median) is 2000(or 1333on the New SAT) Ahigh score (75th percentile) is 2102(or 1401on the New SAT) Take-Aways Sadly, there's truly no rest for the weary. The competition is a lot stiffer among more elite groups of students. It takes a much higher SAT score to stand out among high honors students than it does to stand out from among the common crowd. Having a good class rank combined with a stellar SAT score, though, is totally worth the effort. What's Next? Put in the work preparing for the test. Let us clue you in as to why it's so crucial. Aiming high along the way? A perfect score is tough to get, but it's possible. Are you still unclear on what a good SAT score is- or do you want a more general picture? We've got you covered. Want to improve your SAT score by 160points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Critically Examine Why There Are More Small Wars In Africa Essays

Critically Examine Why There Are More Small Wars In Africa Essays Critically Examine Why There Are More Small Wars In Africa African history has gone through three major phenomena that are the slave trade, colonization and decolonization. Each has its positive and negative impacts on the people, the shape of the continent and her economic resources. Slave trade robbed Africa of its best brains as those sold were mainly targeted after challenging the chief an action that by then was a preserve for those with the morale courage to question decisions from the highest authority as it was considered to be taboo. Colonization introduced new country boundaries and disadvantaged other ethnic groups in terms of development ranging from education to economic gains. Various draconian laws desired to sideline the indigenous people in participating in the day to day running of their own countries were passed by the colonizers .These were unacceptable to the African people. The positive elements are the introduction of the education system, the infrastructure development, and the provision of health facilities plus the overall improvement of the economy at large, which also brought about a modern standard of living. Decolonization brought independence and the restoration of the rights of the indigenous people. In the process large quantities of Eastern Block, small arms were dumped in the continent that as will be discussed below ignited random fighting causing mayhem in Africa. Soon after the Second World War, the indigenous people embarked on the confrontational approach to liberate themselves. Negotiations with the foreign rulers started in earnest and majority of countries, were granted their independence. These had strings attached and main ones were the acceptance of the standing borders and the land ownership status quo was to be maintained. Some were denied, and had to take up arms, to liberate themselves. Small wars ensued and these are popularly known as liberation wars. The major suppliers of the arms were USSR, China, Yugoslavia, Romania and the then East Germany. On cessation of hostilities, weapons were not accounted for and later used in the wars under discussion. These wars were meant to overthrow colonial rule that was presided over by presidents or governors from Europe. However, these were justified and needs no examination to justify the circumstances behind them. On attaining independence, some countries experienced some civil wars and t hus the aim of this paper is to come up with a critically examination of the major causes of these disturbances from 1980 to date Small wars can be defined as those conflicts between the people of one country regardless of external support in which a state of open hostility and suspension of international and national laws exists. It is characterized by the use of non-conventional means of fighting and arms. In this write up small wars and conflict will be used interchangeable. The ultimate target is mainly to remove the government or to cede a piece of land and create a separate state. However, of late some small wars have been fought specifically to plunder resources. To effectively, examine as to why we have small wars in Africa it is necessary to briefly sample some small wars from the four corners of Africa. In North Africa, the Algerian war started in 1992 when the Army cancelled the electoral process forcing President Chadli Bendjedid to resign and Mohammed Boudiaf replaced him. A state of emergence was declared and in retaliation, a border post at Guemmar was attacked. The situation became tense when Said Mekhloufi founded the Movement for an Islamic State transforming what was simple some banditry activity into a religious conflict. The causes for this conflict are lack of democracy and the advent of radical Islamists who intends to turn the country into an Islamic state. Conversely, in West Africa, the Sierra Leone conflict began in 1991, initiated by the Revolutionary United Front led by Foday Sannkoy. The causes are corruption, the mismanagement, and the desire to loot the diamonds. Ten of thousands have been killed and 2 million displac ed. In the horn and east of Africa, hostilities between Ethiopia and Eritrea are because of a border dispute while the Rwanda disturbances was along ethnic lines, all emanating from colonization. Somalia a model state plunged into war because Siad Bare, desperately clung to power for too

Visual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Visual Analysis - Essay Example In light of the above, a piece of art for consideration would be the picture depicting passengers of the S.S. Pennland on deck. The picture shows that most of the persons on the ship are young women. The woman on the foreground is leaning on her arm, possibly showing her state of fatigue. Most of the other people around are having a nap, most probably enhancing the theme of fatigue throughout the journey. Moreover, they have wrapped themselves with blankets and wearing heavy clothing. Most of the people in the picture have a cap or something to cover their heads, with the exception of the woman at the forefront. Despite this, she too has covered herself well with coverings visible from her neck and extending well over her feet. This most probably gives the impression that they experienced adverse weather conditions throughout the journey and the cold was taking toll on them. Somewhere along the mid-deck of the ship, there are visible huge reels of rope, but they do not have ropes on them. This most probably translates to the fact that probably most of the ship’s sails were fully hoisted and it probably still had a long way to go. The background of the picture shows a couple of men. While some of them are looking out into the sea, an atypical man is gazing to the side from which the photo was most probably taken. These men are likely to be part of the ship’s crew. They may be on their daily routine of checking out the situation in the sea and the condition of their passengers. The presumption that they could be part of the ship’s crew relies on their general look portrays the aspect that they do not look as fatigued as the rest of the people on the deck. On the first glance of the photo, one thing that suddenly strikes is the manner in which passengers look sprawled on the deck of the ship. The manner in which they are travelling depicts that of a journey not so well planned. The deck lacks no visible seating apparatus and the passengers are generally trying to fit themselves into any comfortable spot they find. A majority of them are sitting or lying on the latch covering the under the deck partitions of the ship. This is most likely the more comfortable place on the deck. The state of the passengers on the deck show that they are completely exhausted and are longing for the ship to dock at their destination. From this, and the fact that the photo certainly dates back to the early 20th century, suffice to conclude that travelling by ship during the earlier days of sea travel was a harrowing experience that could only be endured by the strong-hearted. Cohen’s article uses seven theses on monsters to try to discern a culture depending on the monster that most aptly describes it. From this, an assortment of monsters described distinguishes each other by various features (Cohen 121). Thesis VI on the monster being a kind of desire raises the claim that the activities that do not raise levels of satisfaction or are not endorsed by society are more attracting to the cultures. That the monster arouses the desires of the body to being frightened and this is eased by the thought of relief after the harrowing experience. This raises a complication as it supposes that the body is thrilled and enjoys the effects of an experience that frightens it (Cohen 231). This despite the fact that the body actually yearns for life’