How to Purify Sodium Chloride From Rock Salt

Rock salt or halite is a mineral the contains sodium chloride (table salt) as well as other minerals and impurities. You can remove most of these contaminants using two simple purification techniques: filtration and evaporation. Materials Rock saltWaterSpatulaFilter paperFunnelEvaporating dishBeaker  or graduated cylinderTripodBunsen burner Filtration If the rock salt is one large chunk, grind it into a powder using a mortar and pestle or a coffee grinder.Add 30-50 milliliters of water to six heaping spatula scoops of rock salt.Stir to dissolve the salt.Place the filter paper in the mouth of the funnel.Place the evaporating dish under the funnel to collect the liquid.Slowly pour the rock salt solution into the funnel. Make sure you dont over-fill the funnel. You dont want the liquid to flow around the top of the filter paper because then it isnt getting filtered.Save the liquid (filtrate) that comes through the filter. Many of the mineral contaminants did not dissolve in the water and were left behind on the filter paper. Evaporation Place the evaporating dish containing the filtrate on the tripod.Position the Bunsen burner under the tripod.Slowly and carefully heat the evaporating dish. Be careful! If you apply too much heat, you might break the dish.Gently heat the filtrate until all the water is gone. Its okay if the salt crystals hiss and move a little.Turn off the burner and collect your salt. Although some impurities will remain in the materials, many of them will have been removed simply by using the difference in solubility in water, mechanical filtration, and by applying heat to drive off volatile compounds. Crystallization If you want to further purify the salt, you can dissolve your product in hot water and crystallize the sodium chloride from it.

Effects of Poverty on Intellectual Development - 3035 Words

The Effects of Childhood Poverty on Intellectual Development It is widely known that poverty has many negative effects on the development of children who grow up in impoverished homes. One of the most influential outcomes of a person’s life is their intellectual development, which takes place primarily within the first years of life. Not only can childhood poverty result in less enjoyable childhoods, but adversely affects the cognitive and behavioral development; yet more specifically, children’s intellectual development (Duncan 406). In fact, the economic conditions that a child is subjected to during early and middle childhood is very crucial for forming ability, achievement, and intellectual development (Duncan 408). Poverty has†¦show more content†¦Living in a neighborhood made up of a majority of poor families creates the unsafe and non-cognitively stimulating environment for a child to develop in. Because cognitive stimulation is a direct proponent of intellectual development, childhood poverty proves to affec t brain development through the home environment. Mother’s Involvement with Child The next mediating mechanism of childhood poverty affecting intellectual development is the mother’s involvement with her child. How a child is raised and parented is crucial to the human development at a young age, and is one of the main intervening factors between poor families and the ultimate outcome of the child. More completed models of childhood development in poverty include â€Å"mediators such as the amount and quality of time spent by parents with their children,† along with the other aspects of home-learning environments (Duncan, Brooks-Gunn, and Klebanov 309). Parents who live in poverty daily and for longer amounts of time often face lack of food, poor housing, unsafe neighborhoods, unemployment, discrimination, and poor health (Guo and Harris 433). When facing these hardships, impoverished parents suffer from more psychological issues than non-poor parents, which can lead to harsh discipline and low levels of supp ort for the child. When a parent is not supportive or does not challenge a child to preform at a higherShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Poverty On Childhood Development924 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween poverty, lower socioeconomic status (SES), and childhood development. While poverty can be directly linked to negative developments in terms of health status it is also indirectly linked to other important factors such as; mental health, physiological wellbeing and education, all of which have major impacts on childhood development which can also be transferred into adulthood. This essay aims to evaluate the literature available on the effects of poverty on childhood development and theRead MoreNature Nurture Debate922 Words   |  4 Pagesnature-nurture debate, is very often associated with the issue of intellectual quotient, better known as IQ. In the past psychologists have argued that the way in which a child developed was based solely on nature, genetic or hormone-based behavio rs, or nurture, environment and experience. Nevertheless, this extreme way of thinking is now long outdated, and it is clear that both nature and nurture have great effect on our intellectual development. The question now lies in just how much impact each has onRead MoreEffects Of Poverty On The Health Of A Child Essay1359 Words   |  6 PagesAs of 2015, 14.5 million children are living in poverty. What is poverty you ask? Poverty defined by Webster’s Dictionary is the state of being extremely poor. 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Both terms are important to know, therefore you can establish theRead MoreEffectiveness Of Early Interventions For Children With Developmental Disabilities1639 Words   |  7 Pagesdifficulty developing positive peer relationships (DiSalvo Oswald, 2002; Mconnell, 2002; Strain Hoyson, 2000). Examples of developmental disabilities are Autism spectrum disorder, behavior disorders, Down syndrome, fetal alcohol syndrome and intellectual disabilities. Topic Section Early interventions such training programs that teach parents strategies on how to work with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been proven to be extremely affective in developing successful life skillsRead MoreA Family s Economic Deprivation Most Dominant Factor Of A Child s Health1305 Words   |  6 Pagesimpact the development of children? Key Research Findings: The article states that family income is the most dominant factor of a child’s cognitive development out of all other conventional measures such as ethnicity, female headship or maternal education. However income and economic status only has a faint connection and cannot be considered as synonyms. Moreover the duration and timing of economic deprivation has a strong correlation between the potential detriments on children’s development. ConverselyRead MoreAn Emergency to Support the Indigent in the US890 Words   |  4 PagesPoverty is a serious phenomenon that has been widespread all over the world. Although, many charitable organizations like CARE, Action Against Hunger (AAH) or Emergency Nutrition Network (ENN) have operated with a highest enthusiasm to help the indigent, the amount of those have still been increasing significantly in recent years. According to the survey of the United States Census Bureau, the percentage of Americans in poverty rose from 12.2 to 1 5.9 percent and the proportion skyrocketed from 33Read MoreGlobalization Advanced Free Trade, Open Markets, And Competition1469 Words   |  6 Pagesdiseases, famine, and premature death. In chapter one of Promises Not Kept: Poverty and The Betrayal of Third-World Development John Isbister declared that in the twentieth cen ¬tury, The lives of people in the third world are changing. They are not improving, however, at least for the majority. In order to understand this imbalance in the third world countries, the author gives five different human experiences of poverty. 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It s even more important to note that forty percent of the poor, in the United States, are children (Stevenson, 1997). Knowing this is the reason that finding solutions and studying the effects of parent involvement, both at school and at home

Adoption and Success of ABC Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Adoption and Success of ABC . Answer: Introduction Activity Based Costing (ABC) refers to a particular method of costing that helps the business organizations in the identification of all the costing activities in the companies so that they can assign indirect costs to the manufactured products (ker zyapici, 2013). In the recent years, it can be seen that companies all over the world have started to adopt the method of ABC for their business organizations. However, some specific factors are there in the companies that influence the adoption of ABC. It is important for the companies to consider those factors as the success of ABC largely depends on them. Discussion In the recent years, it can be seen that ABC has become most popular in most of the countries all over the world. As per Abdallah Li, (2008), the main reason is that it is easy for the organizational managers to implement the process of ABC in order to find the costs of the company. Thus, it can be seen that companies prefer the implementation of ABC over the method of traditional costing. In the business organizations, ABC works in two stages. In the first stage, managers use to allocate the overhead costs into different cost pools based on their activity based on cost classification. In the second stage, the managers use a series of cost drivers in order to allocate the overall costs in the product lines (ker Ad?gzel, 2016). In this context, it needs to be mentioned that the traditional costing method is fully based on payroll of the employees and thus, it create obstacles for the mangers in measuring the performance of the employees. This is one of the reasons that lead to the a doption of ABC in most of the business organizations all over the world. In spite of the growing popularity of ABC all over the world, management of some of the major corporations are facing difficulties while using ABC. Thus, it can be understood that certain factors in the organizations lead to the success or failure of ABC (Abdallah Li, 2008). The major success factors for ABC in the companies are the assistance of top level management; effective integration between ABC and various organizational strategies like Just-In-Time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM) and others; establishment relation between ABC and the process of performance evaluation of employees; adequate training and development activities for using ABC; availability of organizational resources for the implementation and running of ABC and others (Abdallah Li, 2008). At the same time, certain factors lead to the failure of ABC in the companies. They are lack of transparent purpose of the business; lack of commitment from the top level management reading the implementation of ABC; delegation of authority in ABC; the resistance from employee as well as the management to bring change in costing method; poor design of ABC model and others. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that due to the above mentioned factors, the implementation of ABC failed in t he Bank of China (Abdallah Li, 2008). Organizations all over the world use different approaches to measure the success of the implementation of ABC in the companies. However, most of the companies use two major approaches or methods to measure the success of ABC (Allah Rahmouni Charaf, 2012). As per the first approach, organizational managers use single or multiple items to measure the success of ABC. In this approach, the use of single item has been criticized as it has failed to measure the overall success of ABC in the companies. For this reason, organizational managers have started using multiples items or variables for measuring the success of ABC. In this context, the assistance of ABC in decision making can be used as there are many instances where the organizational managers have used information extracted from ABC for making effective organizational decisions (Allah Rahmouni Charaf, 2012). As per the second approach, the success of ABC is measured based on the measurement of success in each step of the project . In this particular approach, the progress of each activity is measured for the completion of the second stage. As a result of this approach, the organizational managers can actually ensure the success of the whole project based on each step of the project. Thus, it can be seen that companies uses these two approaches for measuring the success of ABC. However, it needs to be mentioned that there are many other approaches to measure ABC success (ker zyapici, 2013). Every business organizations all over the world have to follow certain steps at the time of implementing the system of ABC in their companies. It is important for the companies to implement ABC in the effective and efficient basis as the success of mostly depends on the success of the each level implementation of ABC. It can be seen that there are a total of six stages in the implementation of ABC in the companies (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). The first stage is Initiation. In this particular stage, the analysis of feasibility of the adoption of ABC in the companies is done. This particular process ensures that the ABC implementation is done as per the nature and business operations of the companies. The second important stage is Adoption (Drury, 2013). This is a crucial stage in ABC implementation. In this stage, the amount of resources required for the implementation of ABC is determined. The third stage in ABC implementation is Adaptation. In this stage, the analysis of ABC is don e based on some of the key factors like the activities of the firm, various cost drivers and others. In this stage, the information of ABC is available, but they are not used for decision-making and other purposes (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). The fourth stage is Acceptance. In this stage, ABC is considered as a model or project that the top level management uses for decision-making. The next important stage is Routinisation. This is considered as a normal part of the management information system that the upper level management use in order to make effective business decisions. The last stage in ABC implementation is Infusion or Integration. This is the last stage of ABC implementation where the system is integrated with the organizational financial system. These are the six major stages of ABC implementation. In this context, it needs to be mentioned that Australia is one of the countries where the vast use of ABC can be seen (Byrne, Stower Torry, 2009). In United Kingdom, there are some major motives that work as the prime reasons behind the adoption of ABC in the companies. Majorly, companies switch to ABC as the current costing system fails to deliver the required important information to the companies for various purposes. It can also be seen that the companies move to ABC as it is required for them to update their current costing system (Al-Omiri Drury, 2007). Sometimes, due to the unreliability of the existing costing system forces the companies to implement ABC. The use of traditional costing system sometimes fails to align with the changing manufacturing environment of the companies. However, ABC can be well aligned with the changing manufacturing environments of the companies. ABC is consisted as one of the most sophisticated costing system and this is one of the reasons companies are opting for the implementation of ABC. A major aspect is the cost regarding the running of the costing systems. Companies have to bear high co sts in case of traditional costing system. However, the adoption of ABC costs the companies less while running the system. High level of synchronization can be seen between the accounting system of the companies and ABC (Al-Omiri Drury, 2007). Thus, it can be seen that all the above mentioned reasons lead the companies for the adoption of ABC for their manufacturing operations. There are certain behavioural and organizational factors in the business organizations that are associated with the success application of ABC (DraÃ… ¾i? Dragija, 2012). In most of the business organizations, organizational people ABC as the most appropriate tool for the calculation of product cost at various level of production. However, it has been seen that most of the companies failed to apply the various techniques of ABC for their costing purposes. This is because of some organizational as well as behavioural factors in the companies. Employees of most of the companies are reluctant to accept the changes in their companies and thus, they cannot happily welcome the introduction of ABC as their new costing system. In addition, sometimes companies get little support from upper level management for the application of ABC as their prime costing system (Senthil Bte, 2010). These are the major behavioural and organizational factor that leads to ineffective application of ABC. Conclusion From the above discussion, it can be seen that most of the companies all over the world are adopting ABC as their costing system. This is because ABC helps the companies in taking effective business decisions and the system is easy to implement. The above study also shows that companies use two major approaches to measure the success of ABC. It can also been seen that the companies follow six major steps at the time to implement the system of ABC in their companies. References Abdallah, A. A. N., Li, W. (2008). Why Did ABC Fail: at the Bank of China?.Management Accounting Quarterly,9(3). Allah Rahmouni, A. F., Charaf, K. (2012). Success of ABC Projects in French Companies: The Influence of Organizational and Technical Factors.Cost Management,26(6), 12. Al-Omiri, M., Drury, C. (2007). Organizational and behavioral factors influencing the adoption and success of ABC in the UK.Cost Management,21(6), 38. Byrne, S., Stower, E., Torry, P. (2009). Is ABC adoption a success in Australia?.Journal of Applied Management Accounting Research,7(1), 37. DraÃ… ¾i? Lutilsky, I., Dragija, M. (2012). Activity based costing as a means to full costingpossibilities and constraints for European universities.Management: Journal of contemporary management issues,17(1), 33-57. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. ker, F., Ad?gzel, H. (2016). Time?driven activity?based costing: An implementation in a manufacturing company.Journal of Corporate Accounting Finance,27(3), 39-56. ker, F., zyapici, H. (2013). A new costing model in hospital management: time-driven activity-based costing system.The health care manager,32(1), 23-36. ker, F., zyapici, H. (2013). A new costing model in hospital management: time-driven activity-based costing system.The health care manager,32(1), 23-36. Senthil Velmurugan, M., Bte Wan Nahar, W. N. A. (2010). Factors determining the success or failure of ABC implementation.Cost Management,24(5), 35.

Napster Essays (927 words) - File Sharing Networks,

Napster The problems faced by Napster and how it affects us. INTRODUCTION Shawn Fanning let his closely cropped coiffure grow a bit shaggy, so his friends started calling him nappy. That evolved into a new nickname, Napster, which became the Internet handle he used in chat rooms. After sharing tips on guitar playing, Fanning told two cyberpals about a revolutionary software program he was working on. Encouraged by his new friends, he wrote the program and the idea attracted a sizable cash donation from a family friend. So he quit college, moved from Harwich, Mass., to Silicon Valley, and started a company together with his two buddies. That was sevral months ago. Today, 19-year-old Fanning and his company, Napster, have become the Internet's latest one-hit wonder. Hundreds of thousands of college students and music fans have downloaded the firm's free software, which allows users to swap MP3 songs, the Net's most popular digital music format. Napster, whose latest software will be released this week, has seen its user base grow by as much as 25 percent a day. Says Napster CEO Eileen Richardson, We see ourselves as the MTV of the Internet, But Napster has made some powerful enemies in its brief existence. Musicians and record companies accuse it of creating an online den of thieves. Last December, the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), representing 18 record labels, sued Napster for copyright violations, seeking to shut it down and collect more than $100 million in damages. Rapper Sean Puffy Combs says Napster abuses his artists. And in the past two months, at least 50 universities have blocked students from accessing Napster, saying it strains campus computer systems. All the outrage is a result of Napster's unique design, which fosters music sharing but also hogs bandwidth. The company doesn't own or sell any music. Its software merely acts as a digital matchmaker, allowing people to trade MP3 songs. Napster peeks into a user's hard drive and publishes a list of all the songs it finds there onto a central database. To locate a tune, a user enters the name of an artist or a song to see if anyone else on the network has it. If so, they can download it at the push of a button. In this way, Napster has created the Net's largest music library. Now all of us have downloaded music of the internet and most of us have also used Napster but as we all know Indiana University is one of the fifty odd universities that have banned Napster on campus servers. This is a situation that affects us directly as universitys like Duke,Stanford and M.I.T have refused The R.I.A.A. requests to ban Napster. Thus according to me we should all be better informed of this situation to know why we are being deprived of such a cutting edge program. The Napster case is very important not only because people won't be able to download free music if it's ruled illegal, but because the case will serve as a major guide for the future. It is a foreshadowing of the future. As technology becomes more and more advanced, we will constantly be faced with similar questions. The RIAA announced in December they would sue napster. Explain reasons. 1.Napster is considered pirating software. It can allow anyone access to copyrighted files. 2. Although all users will not abuse the system and make pirated cds some will. Therefore opposers of napster wish for a complete shutdown of the site. 3. Some who oppose merely wish for napster to exist in a way that will not allow pirating. C. Napster's is banned on the Indiana campus after a request from the RIAA and Heavy Metal band Metalica. I.U. claims that napster is using up too much of its bandwidth. 1. Indiana University bans napster controversially even though many students are against it. I.U. students say that the ban affects their freedom of music and exposure to the Internet revolution. 2. Give out information from napster website and also list the reactions of other major universities for and against the ban. 3. Napster may have been banned but there are still other identical programs, which are benefiting from this ban (e.g. Scour exchange). D. Discuss how